[ Scroll down to read in Santali ]
The development of Traditional Santali language and written literature was started from the very beginning of British Rule (East India Company) since 1870-75 over the region by some literary loving British Missionaries, such as L.O.Skerfsurd, Rev. P.O.Bodding, Rev. A. Campbell etc in Roman script. When the british missionaries came into the Santal community for spreading Christianity, neither they can understand the Santali language nor the Santali people can understand their language. So they started to learn Santali language from them. After learned the santali language they got the knowledge about Santali cultural and traditional things and they got obsessed with their social activities. So they started to write articles and books for understanding Santali language and the Santal community, and started to publish Santali short Stories, Santali folk song, Santali grammar, Santali scriptures through their articles and book from mission press. That's how the written literature of Santali language strated.
According Santali education consultants, Santali written literature is divided into 9 different parts. They are—
1. Rhyme or Baouli
(1) Religious songs
ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ(Definition):- ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱱᱟ.ᱨ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱛ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ- ᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱛ ᱟ.ᱨᱤᱪᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ “ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ “ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟ.ᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱦᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ᱾
A.ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱺ- ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱮ(᱙) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ- ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱠᱩᱫᱩᱢ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱵᱟᱣ.ᱣᱞᱤ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱷᱟ.ᱨᱱᱤ, ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲᱟ, ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ,ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱾
1. ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱺ- ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚ-ᱯᱚᱝᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾ ᱫᱟ.ᱭᱠᱟ. ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ- ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱨ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱮᱨ-ᱟ᱾ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱟ.ᱭ ᱦᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱢᱟ.ᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱢᱵᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱦᱟᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟ.ᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱳᱲᱳ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ᱾
2. ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱺ- ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ.ᱠᱟ. ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱞᱳᱵᱳᱜ ᱢᱩᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟ.ᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ- ᱛᱳᱭᱳ ᱫᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱨᱚᱴᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱚᱢ, ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ, ᱛᱳᱲ ᱪᱩᱯᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ᱾
3. ᱠᱩᱫᱩᱢ ᱺ- ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟ.ᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟ.ᱲ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟ.ᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱠᱟ.ᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱩᱫᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱫᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
4. ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱵᱟᱣᱞᱤᱺ- ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱩᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱞᱟ.ᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟ.ᱣᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
5. ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨᱺ- ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱚᱡᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱲᱟ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾
6. ᱡᱷᱟ.ᱨᱱᱤᱺ- ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱤ ᱦᱚ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱸ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ-ᱟ᱾
7. ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲᱺ- ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱢᱟ.ᱱᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱸ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱣᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱮᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱲ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾
8. ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤᱺ- ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱴᱩᱱᱟ.ᱨ ᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱦᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
9. ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱺ- ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ- ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
B. ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱺ- ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱭ ᱠᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭ ᱩᱢᱟ.ᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱢᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
ᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ
ᱜᱟ.ᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ , ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ(᱓) ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ-------
᱑ᱹ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ-᱑᱘᱔᱕(1845) ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ
(Ancient (Oral) literature before 1845)
᱒.ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ- ᱑᱘᱔᱕-᱑᱙᱕᱗(1845-1856) ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ
(Medieval literature from 1856-1947)
᱓ᱹ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ- ᱑᱙᱕᱗(1947) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ
(Modern literature from 1947 till date)
᱑.ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱜᱽᱺ- ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱔᱕(1845) ᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
᱒.ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽᱺ- ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ(1845-1947) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱢᱟ.ᱞ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱟᱵ ᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
᱓ᱹᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽᱺ- ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ-ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ. ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱯᱷᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱯᱷᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾
Nothing