History of Santali literature - Contributions of British Missionaries in santali literature

Contributions of British Missionaries in Santali Literature [ Scroll down to read in Santali ]

Although the British continued to exploit India for 200 years. On the other hand there were some British missionaries who made invaluable contributions to Santali literature. It can be said that without their support, the creation of written santali literature would not have been possible. Because at that time there was Santali language but there was no Santali script. So when the British missionaries came to preach their religion in the Santali society, they discovered the rules and the social practices of the Santali society. And seeing that social structure, many of them got attracted by Santal people.Missionaries like P.O. Bodding,F. T. Cole,L.O. Skrefsrud went from village to village for collecting their traditional songs, poems, stories etc, and published them in Roman script as magazines and books. Along with this, Santali written literature also started

 » ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱡ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱛᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱛ ᱩᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱟ.ᱱ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟ.ᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱱ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ‌ᱠᱚ,‌ᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱟ.ᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱵᱟᱝ.ᱣᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱱᱳ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ , ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱩᱰᱟ.ᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱺ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱠᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ—

ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱥ(Rev. J.Phillips): ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭ “ᱡᱤᱨᱤᱢᱚᱭ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱥ”, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱮᱞᱤᱱᱚᱭᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱲᱤᱥᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱞᱞᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ “ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ” ᱑᱘᱓᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ (᱑᱘᱓᱘) ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟ.ᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱲᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱸᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟ‌.ᱱ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱑᱘᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱨᱤᱡ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱮᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱲᱮ, ᱯᱟᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱔᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ “ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱷᱟ” ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ “An Introduction To Santali Language” ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ ᱩᱢᱟ.ᱱ ᱕᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟ.ᱲᱟ. ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱤ. ᱮᱞ. ᱯᱩᱠᱥᱞᱮ (Rev. E. L.Puxley): ᱑᱘᱖᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮ. ᱮᱞ. ᱞᱩᱠᱥᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ W. T. Stores ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱥ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱟᱛᱳ ᱫᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱤ. ᱮᱞ ᱯᱩᱠᱥᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟ.ᱲᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ “A Vocabulary Of Santali Language” ᱑᱘᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱞ.ᱳ. ᱥᱠᱨᱮᱯᱷᱨᱩᱰ ( Rev. L. O. Skrefsrud ): ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱨᱥ ᱳᱞᱥᱮᱱ ᱥᱠᱨᱮᱯᱥᱨᱩᱰ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱫᱟᱱ ᱤᱵᱷᱟᱱᱡᱮᱞᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟ.ᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱡ ᱛᱚᱛᱠᱟ.ᱞᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜᱟ.ᱲᱤᱭᱟ. ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱑᱘᱕᱖ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ.ᱲ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱠᱨᱮᱯᱥᱨᱩᱰ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱯ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱚ ᱦᱚ ᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱡ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱯ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ”ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟ.ᱦᱤᱞ ᱯᱩᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ, ᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ , ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ-ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱱᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ “A Grammar Of The Santali Language” ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱷᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱩᱢᱟ.ᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱩᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ “ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ” ᱑᱘᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱳᱞ ( Rev. F. T. Cole ): ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱡᱷᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱳᱞ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱮᱰᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱠᱳᱞ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞ‌ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ.ᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟ.ᱱ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ- ᱮ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ “ᱰᱷᱟ.ᱨᱭᱟ.ᱜ” ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱫᱩᱢ, ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞ ᱡᱷᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ “ᱛᱟᱞᱡᱷᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ “ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱲᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱑᱘᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ “Santali English Dictionary” , ᱑᱙᱐᱖ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ “ Santali Primer” ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱠᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱟᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱳᱰᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟ, ᱫᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱟᱨ. ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱴᱮᱭᱟᱥ (R. Carstairs ): ᱟᱨ. ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱴᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱴᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ. ᱥᱤ. ᱮᱥ.ᱯᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱰᱤ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱑᱙᱓᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ “Harma’s Village” ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱵᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱠᱩ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ “ᱦᱟᱲᱢᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱳ” ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱯᱤ. ᱳ. ᱵᱳᱰᱤᱝ (Rev. P. O. Bodding): ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ - ᱟ ᱥᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱤ.ᱳ. ᱵᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱠᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱳᱞᱟᱯᱷ ᱵᱳᱰᱤᱝ(Paul Olaf Bodding) ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱜᱟ.ᱲᱤᱭᱟ. ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱥᱟ.ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ‌ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱟ.ᱭᱠᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ‌ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱞ ᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ “ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱲᱟ(᱑᱘᱙᱐-᱑᱙᱐᱔)” ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟ.ᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱟᱭ ᱩᱢᱟ.ᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚ ᱡᱟ.ᱥᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱟ.ᱲᱟ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ “A Santali Dictionary” ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰᱚ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱳ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ, ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱪᱩᱱᱩ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟ, ᱜᱳᱯᱤ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱠᱤᱥᱠᱩ,ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ.ᱲ ᱠᱤᱥᱠᱩ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱯᱤ. ᱳ. ᱵᱳᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ —

ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ - ᱑᱘᱙᱙

ᱵᱟᱭᱵᱮᱞ (ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ)- ᱑᱙᱐᱖

ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ- ᱑᱙᱑᱒

ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟ.ᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ- ᱑᱙᱒᱔

A Chapter Of Santali Folk Lore -᱑᱙᱒᱔

Santali Folktales- ᱑᱙᱒᱕ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱙ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ

ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱢᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱚᱫᱤᱳ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱟ‌‌ᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ.ᱭ ᱨᱤᱛ ᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ.ᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱨᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱨᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ᱾

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ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱚᱫᱷ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ —

• Rev. Otis Bechlor

• Dr. C.R. Lepsus

• Rev. Edward C. Jonson

•

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Santali literature (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ) ᱼ Learn about the Santali literature -ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟ.ᱞ ᱪᱤᱨ

Explore the history of Santali magazines - chirgal chir